CHAPTER 3 BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH

In Behavioral research is aimed to making predictions of connecting .behavior.There are two types of variables.One type  is criterion which being predicted  and also called the dependent variable ( measured variable )and the other one type is predictor and also called the independent variable ( controlled variable )the one used in predicting the criterion.


Virtually any type of behavioral research requires that the variables,both the predictors and the criteria be measured.There are four basic types of measurement.


1. Nominal Scale or categorical
2. Ordinal Scale - used to characterized the rank order.
3. Interval Scale -  has no absolute zero
4. Ratio Scale - has absolute zero


and also  there are six treatment of variables in research:

I.  Do not measure:

     1. Ignore

     2. Randomization

II. Measure under the following conditions:

     1. With no manipulation

     2. Manipulated by:

          a. Holding constant

          b. Matching

          c. Creating specific levels or categories

In research strategies there sometimes is a distinction between experimental and correlational strategies.The  experimental approach usually involves some form of manipulation of the predictor.In the  correlational strategy,data are obtained on the predictor and criterion variables for each case in the sample.